I think there's some solid advice in this thread already, but I thought I'd add my two cents with regards to a collection that's currently reasonably small but might grow much larger (this is where I started and where I ended up). My collection is ~35k cards now having started in Kaladesh block and there's only one way that I can feasibly deal with that quantity of cards - stored by set / collector number.
I have all my cards entered into my Deckbox inventory (the correct printing, including all basics). I do the vast majority of my deck brewing (mostly for EDH) digitally, either looking through my own inventory on Deckbox using the built-in filter or by looking around on Scryfall/EDHREC and then comparing the cards to my inventory. By doing so the only time I need to find a card physically is once I've decided I want it in a deck. With 35k cards, doing this is absolutely trivial when they're in set/collector number order and despite the size of my collection I can locate any single printing of any card in my collection in under a minute.
All of my cards are then stored in this way in drawers with dividers between each set. The sets are kept in chronological order of their release (another way I can locate a set easily, as I can look up when it was printed if I need to). I used to keep these in boxes, but as the collection grew I started to use some more specialist drawers. My tokens and basic lands are still kept in boxes elsewhere rather than all together as there's so many of them, but all the main cards are in these drawers. I've put a few photos, below.
I have a slight complication to add to this for my personal collection - for all the standard legal sets between Kaladesh and M21 I wanted to have "one complete set", i.e. one of each copy of the cards in those sets (excluding masterpieces, and later on, excluding all the individual alt-art cards. More on that below). For these sets I keep one copy of every card in a folder/folio as a "complete set".
Lastly, I do use my cards to play EDH, so I have around a dozen double-sleeved decks in deckboxes that I keep in a cupboard nearby. Thankfully Deckbox pro lets me assign a specific printing to my deck lists, so when I look up, e.g. "Lightning Greaves" I can see which printing is in what deck, and then I can work out which printings are not in a deck and then find a copy for a new deck if I need one.
Overall this method takes some admin. As an example right now I still enjoy cracking the odd box here & there so I'm currently having a break from putting a whole box of Timespiral Remastered into collector number order. However, once that's done, it only takes me about 15 minutes to add it all to my Deckbox inventory, then I can just plop it into a drawer and it's done. Those cards are available and easy to find whenever I want them!
I'm a strong proponent of Set/Collector Number order and, for me at least, no other option would work.
Images here in IMGUR: https://imgur.com/a/RwrmEva
Edit to add: Since WOTC decided to start printing hundreds of alt-art cards and collector boosters, etc. I decided it was time to stop trying to collect one of every card in each set that gets released. I still buy all the commander precons and I still like to crack packs on supplementary sets, but I've given up trying to keep up with collecting everything because it was just getting out of hand in both money and storage space! It's both a bit sad and a bit of a relief not to have to try and keep up any more....
Last edited by Hamish (2021-03-22 16:25:01)